Four-wheel drive, 4×4 ("four by four"), and 4WD, is a form of drivetrain capable of providing power to all wheel ends of a two-axled vehicle simultaneously.

Front-wheel drive (FWD) is a form of engine and transmission layout used in motor vehicles, where the engine drives the front wheels only.

European emission standards define the acceptable limits for exhaust emissions of new vehicles sold in EU and EEA member states.

A traction control system (TCS), also known as ASR (from German Antriebsschlupfregelung, anti slip regulation), is typically (but not necessarily) a secondary function of the electronic stability control (ESC) on production motor vehicles

Electronic stability control (ESC), also referred to as electronic stability program (ESP) or dynamic stability control (DSC), is a computerized technology that improves a vehicle's stability by detecting and reducing loss of traction (skidding). 

On a two-stroke engine, an expansion chamber or tuned pipe is a tuned exhaust system used to enhance its power output by improving its volumetric efficiency

Volumetric efficiency in internal combustion engine engineering is defined as the ratio of the mass density of the air-fuel mixture drawn into the cylinder at atmospheric pressure (during the intake stroke) to the mass density of the same volume of air in the intake manifold.

Nitrous oxide, commonly known as, nitrous, nitro, or NOS is a chemical compound with the formula N2O.

Octane rating or octane number is a standard measure of the performance of an engine or aviation fuel.

Ethanol fuel is ethyl alcohol, the same type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, used as fuel.